RTOS Real-Time Operating systems

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed to manage tasks with predictable timing and deterministic behavior. An RTOS prioritizes low-latency, high-reliability execution as demanded by embedded systems.

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Key Technical Features of an RTOS

Scheduling Algorithms

Preemptive Scheduling: Higher-priority tasks interrupt lower-priority ones immediately.
Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS): Assigns static priorities based on task frequency.
Earliest Deadline First (EDF): Dynamically selects tasks with the shortest deadline.

Task Management

Each task runs as a thread or process with strict priority levels.
Uses context switching for efficient execution.
Implements inter-task communication via message queues, semaphores, or shared memory.

Interrupt Handling

RTOS optimizes interrupt response times.
Provides interrupt service routines (ISRs) with minimal jitter.
Uses nested interrupt handling for prioritization.

Memory Management

Offers fixed-size memory allocation to prevent fragmentation.
Implements stack protection and heap management for reliability.
Supports memory locking for tasks requiring non-swappable execution.

Latency and Determinism

Implements Jitter reduction techniques ensure predictable behavior.
Utilizes bounded execution times to meet real-time constraints.